Different Specialisations In Instrumentation Engineering

• Automobile Instrumentaion
• Autonomous Systems
• Biomedical Instrumentation
• Chemical Instrumentation
• Control & Instrumentation
• Electronics in Instrumentation
• Embedded based Instrumentation
• Nuclear Instrumentation
• Robotics
• Space Instrumentation
• Industrial Control & Instrumentation

Metrology: Field of Measurements in Instrumentation Engineering

Metrology (from Ancient Greek metron (measure) and logos (study of)) is the science of measurement. Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement .Metrology is defined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) as "the science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology." The ontology and international vocabulary of metrology (VIM) is maintained by the International Organisation for Standardisation.

A core concept in metrology is (metrological) traceability, defined as "the property of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated references, usually national or international standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons, all having stated uncertainties." The level of traceability establishes the level of comparability of the measurement: whether the result of a measurement can be compared to the previous one, a measurement result a year ago, or to the result of a measurement performed anywhere else in the world.

Traceability is most often obtained by calibration, establishing the relation between the indication of a measuring instrument and the value of a measurement standard. These standards are usually coordinated by national laboratories: National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA), National Physical Laboratory, UK, etc. Tracebility, accuracy, precision, systematic bias, evaluation of measurement uncertainty are critical parts of a quality management system.

Basics

Mistakes can make measurements and counts incorrect. Even if there are no mistakes, nearly all measurements are still inexact. The term 'error' is reserved for that inexactness, also called measurement uncertainty. Among the few exact measurements are:

• The absence of the quantity being measured, such as a voltmeter with its leads shorted together: the meter should read zero exactly.
• Measurement of an accepted constant under qualifying conditions, such as the triple point of pure water: the thermometer should read 273.16 kelvin (0.01 degrees Celsius, 32.018 degrees Fahrenheit) when qualified equipment is used correctly.
• Self-checking ratio metric measurements, such as a potentiometer: the ratio in between steps is independently adjusted and verified to be beyond influential inexactness.

All other measurements either have to be checked to be sufficiently correct or left to chance. Metrology is the science that establishes the correctness of specific measurement situations. This is done by anticipating and allowing for both mistakes and error. The precise distinction between measurement error and mistakes is not settled and varies by country. Repeatability and reproducibility studies help quantify the precision: one common method is an ANOVA Gauge R&R study.

Calibration is the process where metrology is applied to measurement equipment and processes to determine conformity with a known standard of measurement, usually traceable to a national standards board.

Courtesy: www.wikipedia.org

History of Instrumentation

In the early years of process control, process indicators and control elements such as valves were monitored by an operator that walked around the unit adjusting the valves to obtain the desired temperatures, pressures, and flows. As technology evolved pneumatic controllers were invented and mounted in the field that monitored the process and controlled the valves. This reduced the amount of time process operators were needed to monitor the process. Later years the actual controllers were moved to a central room and signals were sent into the control room to monitor the process and outputs signals were sent to the final control element such as a valve to adjust the process as needed. These controllers and indicators were mounted on a wall called a control board. The operators stood in front of this board walking back and forth monitoring the process indicators. This again reduced the number and amount of time process operators were needed to walk around the units. The basic air signal used during these years was 3-15 psig.

In the 1970's electronic instrumentation began to be manufactured by the instrument companies. Each instrument company came out with their own standard signal for their instrumentation, 10-50ma, 0.25-1.25Volts, 0-10Volts, 1-5volts, and 4-20ma, causing only confusion until the 4-20ma was universally used as a standard electronic instrument signal for transmitters and valves. The transformation of instrumentation from mechanical pneumatic transmitters, controllers, and valves to electronic instruments reduced maintenance costs as electronic instruments were more dependable than mechanical instruments. This also increased efficiency and production due to their increase in accuracy.

The next evolution of instrumentation came with the production of Distributed Control Systems (DCS). The pneumatic and electronic control rooms allowed control from a centralized room, DCS systems allowed control from more than one room or control stations. These stations could be next to each other or miles away. Now a process operator could sit in front of a screen and monitor thousands of points throughout a large unit or complex.

Courtesy: www.wikipedia.org

Engineering Colleges in Kerala which offers B. Tech in Instrumentation Engineering

Check out the new updated list on 2014 here

2010 List 

 

FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ANGAMALY

HORMIS NAGAR, MOOKKANNOOR P.O., ERNAKULAM – 683577, KERALA.

MAHATAMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
0484-2616267/2616403
0484-2616404
mail@fisat.ac.in

http://www.fisat.ac.in/php/objective_details.php?deptid=5&linkid=121

I.E.S.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CHITTAPALLY P.O., THRISSUR-680 551 KERALA
CALICUT UNIVERSITY

0487-2309965/ 2309966
0487-2307077
mail@iesce.org
www.ies.org

BASELIOS MATHEWS II COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
LAKEVIEW, MUTHUPILAKKAD, SASTHAMCOTTA,
KOLLAM- 690520
TEL NO: 0476 2835579
FAX NO: 0476 2835579
EMAIL:principal@bmce.ac.in

Web site: http://www.bmce.ac.in/Departments/ElectronicsInstrumentation.aspx

JYOTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

CHERUTHURUTHY, VETTIKKATIRI P.O. THRISSUR DIST., KERALA  

CALICUT UNIVERSITY
04884-274777/ 274198
0484-274777
info@jeccthrissur.org
http://jecc.ac.in/AEI.aspx

KMCT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MANASSERY P.O, MUKKAM, VIA-673602 KOZHIKODE DIST, KERALA

CALICUT UNIVERSITY
0495-2720415/ 3951578
0495-2289099
mct.college@rediffmail.com
ww.kmctcollege.com

KMEA ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

P.K. KUNJALA NAGAR, EDATHALA, ALWAYE - 683561 KERALA

COCHIN UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (CUSAT)
0484-2411003
0484-2411005
kmea_college@rediffmail.com
www.kmeacollege.com

MAR BASELIOS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY MALANKAR CHURCH ESTATE PEERUMED P.O. IDUKKI, KERALA

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
04869-233571
04869-233572
bc@mbcpeermade.com 
http://www.mbcpeermade.com/department/departmentDetail.aspx?dptId=5&dptLnkId=15

MARIAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
C/OST. VINCENT SEMINARY MENAMKULAM, KAZHAKKUTTOM,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, KERALA

UNIVERSITY OF KERALA
0471-2706157/ 2704154
0471-2706157
marian_tvm@yahoo.com
http://www.marianengineeringcollege.com/applied_electronics.html

MES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KUTTIPURAM, THRIKKANAPURAMP.O., MALAPPURAM DIST-679573, KERALA

CALICUT UNIVERSITY
0494-2698081/ 3051234
0494-2698081
mesprinci@yahoo.com
www.mesengg.ac.in

N.S.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PALAKKADU

AKATHETHAPA, PALGHAT,KERALA

CALICUT UNIVERSITY
0491-2555255/2555900
0491-2555900
nsscepkd@dataone.in
www.nssengg.org

P.A. AZIZ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
KARKULAM POST, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695 564 KERALA

KERALA UNIVERSITY
0471-2370110/ 111
0471-2370114 paacet@sancharnet.in
http://www.paacettvm.com/Courses/AppElect/AppElect.aspx

RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
RAJAGIRI VALLEY, KAKKANADU P.O. ERNAKULAM KERALA

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
0484-2427835/ 2428238
0484-2426241
office@rajagiritech.ac.in
http://www.rajagiritech.ac.in/faculty/daei.asp

ROYAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
AKKIKAVUP.O.-680 519, THRISSUR DIST., KERALA

CALICUT UNIVERSITY
04885-289009/289043
04885-289043
rcet@rediffmail.com
www.royaledu.ac.in

SAINT GITS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
PATHAMUTTOM P.O.,KOTTAYAM DIST,-686 532 KERALA

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
0481-2436169/2430349
0481-2436170
saintsengg@sify.com
http://saintgits.org/main/sie/default.asp

SARABHAI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (SPACE ENGINEERING)

P.B.NO.2, VELLANAD, TRIVANDRUM-695 543, KERALA

KERALA UNIVERSITY

0472-2884448/ 2884450 / 2884341

0472-2884448

principal@sist.in

http://www.sist.in/sist%20departments.php

SREE NARAYANA MANGALAM INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

MALIANKARA P.O., VIA: MOOTHAKUNNAM,
N. PARAVOOR, ERANAKULAM, KERALA -683516

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

0484-2484144/142/143

0484-2484143

snmimt@excite.com

http://www.snmimt.in/courses.php

ST.JOSEPH'S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

CHOONDACHERRY P.O., BHARANANGANAM, PALAI - 686579, KERALA.

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

04822-239301/ 239302

04822-239307

sjcet@sancharnet.in

http://sjcetpalai.ac.in/main/B-Tech/AppliedElectronics&Instrumentation/AppliedElectronics&InstrumentationDept.asp

THANGAL KANJU MUSALIAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KARUVELIL (P.O), EZHUKONE, KERALA

KERALA UNIVERSITY
0474-2482833/ 2482083

0474-2483715

tkmitech@sancharnet.in

http://www.tkmit.ac.in/main/Electronics&Instrumentationdpt.asp

VEDAVYASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PONNEMPADAM P.O., KARADPARAMBA, MALAPPURAM-673632 KERALA

CALICUT UNIVERSITY
0495-2832154/ 2832157

0495-2302292

vvit@vedavyasa.org

http://vedavyasa.org/client.php?main=5&menu=42

VIMAL JYOTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

JYOTHI NAGAR, CHEMPERI P.O., KANNUR - 670632, KERALA.

KANNUR UNIVERSITY

0460-2213399

0460-2213513

vjecmail@gmail.com, aei@vjec.ac.in 

http://www.vjec.ac.in

http://210.212.235.62/AEI/index.html

CO-OPERATIVE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

MANDARATHUR P.O.

VADAKARA- 673105

CALICUT

COCHIN UNIVERSITY (CUSAT)

PH. NO: 0496 2537225

EMAIL: citvcape@gmail.com

WEB: http://www.citv.ac.in/deptEI.html

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING KIDANGOOR

KIDANGOOR SOUTH P.O.

KOTTAYAM

COCHIN UNIVERSITY (CUSAT)

PH NO: 04822 255056

EMAIL: cekcape@gmail.com

WEB: http://ce-kgr.org/EIDept.html

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Measurement System: Instrumentation

A measurement System contains 3 elements in it:

1. Sensor: A sensor is a device which is used to convert a physical energy or variable in to a suitable form of energy most commonly electrical energy such as current or voltage with the help of a transducer. A transducer is a device which converts physical energy in to any other form of energy. A sensor which responds to the quantity being measured by giving as its output a signal which is related to the quantity.

2. Signal Conditioning Unit: Which takes the signal from the sensing unit and manipulates it in to a condition which is suitable for either display or in case of a control system, for use to exercise control. Also it is used to convert the signal format in to other format for the easy transmission or processing.

3. Display System: A display system is used to output the data's from the measurement system to the outside world.

What is Instrumentation ?

Instrumentation is a branch of physics which deals with the measuring and controlling variables in a process industry, the instruments related to the process variables and its calibration. Some of  the industrial process variables are Level, Pressure, Temperature, Humidity, Flow, pH, Force, Speed etc,. The technology which used to design and develop an instrument for the measurement and control is called instrumentation technology.

Definition: Instrumentation is defined as "the art and science of measurement and control".

An instrument is a device that measures and regulates the process variables such as flow, pressure, temperature, level, or pH.Instruments are classified in to mechanical instruments and electronic instruments. In the early years the process industry field uses mechanical devices for the measurement and control. At that time process indicators and control elements such as valves were monitored by an operator that walked around the unit, by adjusting the valves to obtain the desired process variables. After the boom of electronics all mechanical instruments give the way to electronic equipments.The transformation of instrumentation from mechanical pneumatic transmitters, controllers, and valves to electronic instruments reduced the maintenance costs the systems used for measurements & control in the process industry field. This also increased the efficiency, and production due to their increase in accuracy.

The progress of the field in industry took place largely in the 1930's after the invention of the reliable instrument to record the temperature. With the growth of the continuous manufacturing and 24 hrs working in the process industries, the need for continues measurements and automatic controls became necessity. There are continuous demands for the improvements in the quality of measurement, control and for the development of new methods based on newly found laws and its effects in the electrical, mechanical fields.

Aim of Instrumentation:- To obtain maximum production (quality products) from the industry with the minimum usage of raw materials.